The Issue Of Child Labour In China Free Essay Example, 11000 words

In China, child labor has come to the attention of human rights organizations as well as international bodies in recent years. In April 2006, the International Labour Organisation(ILO) published a report entitled the End of Child Labour: Within Reach. The report indicated that there had been an 11 percent decrease in child labor worldwide over the previous four years. However, because of the failure of the Chinese government to publish any meaningful statistics on child labor, the report admitted that it was impossible to know whether or not there has been a similar trend in China (ILO, 2006). Indeed, research by the China Labour Bulletin (CLB) indicates however that child labor has not been reduced in any significant degree. On the contrary, it has now become an increasingly serious social problem in urgent need of redress (CLB, 2007). According to a UNICEF report of May 2006, there were 218 million children engaged in child labor worldwide in 2004 (excluding child domestic labor), more than half of whom are believed to be engaged in hazardous work These children are extremely vulnerable to exploitation and abuse(UNICEF, 2006). We will write a custom essay sample on The Issue Of Child Labour In China or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now As is the case with other regions of the world, child labor is hardly a new phenomenon in China. In fact, according to Watson (1980), until 1949, China had one of the largest and most comprehensive markets for the change of human beings in the world. In particular, he noted how, until early in the twentieth century, Chinese coal and tin mines relied heavily on child labor, especially from boy slaves purchased by mine owners (Watson, 1981). Since the 1949 revolution, although traditional slavery and related practices have been in sharp decline, child labor has increased (Watson, 1981). According to Hardy (2007), there are currently more than 12 million child laborers in China. These are usually to be found in low-level service positions or in labor-intensive industries. According to the Bureau of International Labour Affairs with the US Department of Labour, the accurate estimate of children working in China is not available.

Is It Illegal For A Child As A Form Of Discipline Essay

Is it illegal in Australia to slap or smack a child as a form of discipline? Should it be? In Australia it is legal to smack children as a form of discipline, however this is something that should be seriously looked at, as it can lead to severe consequences, such as psychological damage, through parents abusing their children. On the other hand, there is a need to discipline children, but this can be achieved through alternative punishments, rather than parents resorting to a scornful slap. The common idea in this country is that, it is okay to smack children as a form of discipline, however this brutish idea needs to change before more instances of child cruelty are brought to light. The idealistic approach to smacking in this country is that parents are entitled to resort to corporal punishment when attempting to discipline their children. Anonymous (2006) ‘The Australian Childhood Foundation says it s been shocked by its new survey that shows almost 70 per cent of parents’ support smacking their children. Almost half the 750 adults surveyed believe it s reasonable to smack hard enough to leave a mark.’ In an Australian legal context, the Australian institute of family studies (2014) website states: ‘The criminal defence of reasonable chastisement used by way of correction exists (or has existed) in many countries. Such a defence allows a parent or person acting in loco parentis (that is, in place of a parent, for example, a teacher, carer or guardian) charged withShow MoreRelatedSmacking Essay863 Words   |  4 Pagessmacking their child should be illegal. Smacking children, in our modern society, is nothing but an ineffective form of discipline. It is actually a violation of the human rights of the child. Furthermore it has potential to cause intellectual and physiological harm towards the child. My first argument towards making smacking illegal is the fact that smacking is simply not an effective form of punishment. Many parents see smacking as the only method to convey there message and discipline. But the realityRead More Parent Support Groups Can Reduce Child Abuse Essay1288 Words   |  6 Pagesproperly teach and discipline their children. As a result, out of pure frustration, parents lash out physically and/or verbally. Hitting a child or yelling at one has detrimental long-term effects. Parents-to-be need to be given strategies for dealing with discipline issues. Support groups should also offer parent training. When parents have had a hard day, whether due to work, family, or other persons or events, they tend to lash out without a thought at the misbehaving child. The parent lets hisRead MoreShould Child Discipline On A Physical Level?1462 Words   |  6 PagesIs it illegal to slap or smack a child as a form of discipline? Should it be? With the changing of times questions are being raised whether or not smacking or slapping a child is right or wrong by todays standards, This essay is going to argue why child discipline on a physical level should not only been illegal but why the country as a whole needs to ban it. As of the current point in time there are currently no laws making slapping, smacking or striking a child â€Å"illegal†. The only law that isRead MoreShould We Ban Smack Essay1059 Words   |  5 Pagesguys for one question: Have you ever got smacked by your parents when you are a little child? If you have, please put your hands up. Alright, it seems everyone has been smacked before, so have I. A black and white picture of a cross father spanking a little boy who is crying on his knees could be described by people as the â€Å"bad old days†. Disciplinary action such as a smack on a child’s bottom is not illegal in Australia and it’s now viewed as â€Å"barbaric†. As a result, children get hurt. Many ofRead MoreIs Discipline A Child Abuse?969 Words   |  4 PagesIs Discipline Child Abuse? What does the word child abuse mean in your own words? Some people believe child abuse includes neglect, punishment, physical or emotional maltreatment. Child abuse is all over the world. Every day a child is either abused or neglected. Since the late 1900’s child abuse was commonly used in the United States (Gale). Now it is slowly coming to its ending point. Since 1992, only two states, Delaware and Oklahoma, have experienced consistent increases today. Is disciplineRead More Spanking Your Child is NOT Necessary Essay703 Words   |  3 PagesSpanking Your Child is NOT Necessary Spanking your child has created a firestorm of debate among parents and non-parents alike. There appears to be only two sides to the argument, those for and those against. Each offers evidence to support their case, and both sides are fervent in there beliefs. There are many parenting books, classes, and articles on the internet to help people through the process of becoming a parent. Each has there own take on discipline, but most I have read are againstRead MoreThe Controversy Around Corporal Punishment1257 Words   |  6 Pagescords, smacking, and etcetera. Those who are in favor of corporal punishment and believes that it should not be illegal, uses scriptures from the bible as justification. Supporters of corporal punishment feels as if spanking is an effective way to manage behavior. Those who are against spanking points out the negative, psychological issues, and mental disorders associated with whipping a child. This issue matters and is important to comprehend because sp anking can lead to physical abuse, affect self-esteemRead MoreWhen Does Discipline Cross the Line to Child Abuse?1486 Words   |  6 PagesWhen Does Discipline Cross the Line to Child Abuse? In this report, I concentrated my research on the fine line between physical discipline and child abuse, with emphasis on spanking vs. not spanking and its effects on children. Included are research from statistics, opposing views and arguments, advocates’ and Department of Children and Families’ position. The use of corporal punishment, or spanking, as a form of parental discipline is a controversial topic. Adults who remember being spankingRead MoreDiscipline And Abuse By Ray Rice And Adrian Peterson972 Words   |  4 PagesDiscipline or Abuse? A Thin Line Revealed A thin line exists between discipline and abuse, but where is it drawn? Ray Rice and Adrian Peterson are two individuals who might have just crossed it. Most people agree that Ray Rice, who punched his fiancee in the face, knocking her out cold, committed a crime. How is it, then, that when Adrian Peterson whips his four-year-old son with a switch, it is considered an â€Å"acceptable† form of discipline? Throughout this essay, I wish to explore how people oftenRead MoreDiscipline And Abuse By Ray Rice And Adrian Peterson972 Words   |  4 Pages Discipline or Abuse? A Thin Line Revealed A thin line exists between discipline and abuse, but where is it drawn? Ray Rice and Adrian Peterson are two individuals who might have just crossed it. Most people agree that Ray Rice, who punched his fiancee in the face knocking her out cold, committed a crime. How is it then, that when Adrian Peterson whips his four-year-old son with a switch, it is considered an â€Å"acceptable† form of discipline? Throughout this essay, I wish to explore how people

Building Strengths and Capabilities

Question: Discuss about the Building Strengths and Capabilities. Answer: Community Engagement: Building Strengths and Capabilities Child Fund Australia is among the renowned communal organizations in Australia operating under the Child Fund Alliance which composes of about twelve international associations. Recently, the Child Fund Alliance has been able to provide aid to approximately 15 million children beneficiaries in different national backgrounds. Teacher training, equipping social amenities, such as learning institutions, hospitals, and offering other social facilities like motivational schemes comprise the primary activities undertaken by Child Fund Australia. This essay serves various purposes in evaluating the internal intricacies of this establishment in the light of its human resources, support requirements among other particulars regarding the sustainability of Child Fund Australia Association. Potential for Sustainability Sustainability suggests an incessant or the capacity of an organization to maintain its mission and vision in a particular setting (Roseland, 2012). This terminology often has various primary constituents depending on the context, but in this case, we shall focus on three of them, namely, economy, society, and the environment. Each and every undertaking at Child Fund Australia is thoroughly controlled and assessed in a systematic manner to ensure efficiency of operations. For the past few years, this activity monitoring strategies have enabled the establishment to maintain and even develop its major responsibilities in the community. Financial resources at Child Fund Australia are well apportioned and managed to ensure that transparency and openness prevail (Jean-Franc?Ois, 2015).This association has been categorized as among the Australian organizations leading in providing critical issues of sustainability while using the most minimum communal resources. Due to this aspect and amon g other notable sustainability mechanisms employed at Child Fund Australia, both domestic and foreign supporters have come on board to augment its present and prospective sustainability measures further. Also, both state and federal government regimes have come in to assist in expanding the benevolent nourishment and sustenance of this institution. Need for Volunteers Point out, volunteer activities involve those undertakings an individual or an organization carries out without any expectation of financial compensation (Duguid, Mundel Schugurensky, 2013, p. 175). Ideally, every institution aiming at providing public aids is often in dire need of volunteers and therefore Child Fund Australia is not an exception (Musick Wilson, 2008). The establishment requires individual volunteers to provide official responsibilities at various localities for example at Sydney offices. While at such premises volunteers are expected to carry out professional duties such as budgeting, filing, data entry among others (Atkison, 2008). The volunteers play a crucial role in the success of any community organization and as such Child Fund Australia has automated their support by facilitating online contacts between them and the unpaid service providers. In overall, volunteer activities have helped significantly in cutting off operation expenditures thus strengthening t he competitive edge of the institution. Treatment of Volunteers versus Paid Employees It is imperative to address issues surrounding the welfare of compensated and non-compensated service providers in a very vigilant manner (Wittich, 2013). Individual development of the two parties for instance through training ought to be administered in consideration of their duties and level of performance they conduct. However, despite the disparities, both paid employees and volunteers should be treated with reverence since they are all aligned to the top goals of the institution. In the same breath, it is vital to offer similar incentives and benefits to all service providers regardless of whether they are volunteers or paid workers. This norm will go a long way aiding Child Fund Australia in ensuring impartiality, fairness, and objectivity while handling its critical success factor; human resources. Besides, it will work in strengthening the cordial relationships between volunteers and compensated workforces resulting in robust teamwork and outstanding performance. Point of Differentiation within the Community Gallagher, (2008) in his work maintains that differentiation or categorizing of community members in accordance with their unique attributes assist in maximizing their societal productivity. Child Fund Australia has been reported to have introduced grouping stratagems meant to differentiate community members so as to align all of them towards attaining the goalmouths of the association. Also, practical identification and grouping schemes are employed to distinguish the most vulnerable members deemed to be in greater need of the services offered by the organization. Society members are categorized by use of various parameters such as age, gender, health status, social and economic status and so forth (Stebbins Graham, 2004, p. 21). Such differentiation mechanisms often help an institution in identifying diverse classes of individuals with different talents, needs, and wants. Active and negative issues regarding the Sustainability of the Organization The principle of sustainability in every social initiative forms a critical success factor and therefore Child Fund Australia ought to bring into line all its decisions, practices, and actions to this standard (Soyka, 2012).The establishment always keeps in touch with all its stakeholders through automated systems such as social media platforms in an attempt to augment and sustain their stern and robust support for the feasibility of the organization. Besides, the institution keeps up-to-date information and records putting all concerned parties on the same page. Daily, weekly, monthly, and annual reports are provided consistently to all interested individuals to ensure transparency, openness, and scrupulousness (Kohl, 2016). As hinted earlier, this association has generated mechanisms tailored to attract and maintain other community supportive groups willing and enthusiastic to aid the most disadvantaged and vulnerable community members. However, the donation strategies put in place at Child Fund Australia have resulted in increased dependency ratio in the locality with massive communal proportions depending on the earning subset (Clark, 2014). Relation to Theory discussed in Class and Readings So far it is clear that the theoretical discussions and readings held in class during this course closely correlate with the discourse of this paper. Just at is presented in these deliberation concerning Child Fund Australia, the topic of organizational sustainability has formed a significant segment of the theories described in class. Sustainability measures are crucial fragments needed for the success of any typical organization irrespective of whether it is profit-oriented or not (Thiele, 2013) Stakeholder Concerns Stakeholders are individuals subjected to various risks but willing to take a stake in the body of an association. Stakeholders at Child Fund Australia are concerned mainly with providing welfare aid to the less advantaged and vulnerable individuals in the Australian community. Conclusion As depicted in this paper, sustainability of any typical community-based organization remains a responsibility of all and sundry. Every society member has a crucial role to play to ensure that the association has accomplished its primary goals and objectives. Bibliography Atkison , 2008, The ISIS agreement : how sustainability can improve organizational performance and transform the world, ebook edn, VA : Earthscan, London ; Sterling. Clark, W 2014, Global sustainable communities handbook : green design technologies, eBook edn, an imprint of Elsevier, Amsterdam : Butterworth-Heinemann. Duguid, F, Mundel, K Schugurensky, D 2013, Volunteer work, informal learning and social action, eBook edn, SensePublishers, Rotterdam ; Boston. Gallagher, C 2008, The community life of older people in Ireland, Print book edn, Peter Lang, Bern ; Oxford. JEAN-FRANC?OIS 2015, Financial sustainability for nonprofit organizations., Print book edn, Springer Publishing Company, New York. Kohl, K 2016, Becoming a Sustainable Organization: A Project and Portfolio Management Approach, ebook edn, CRC Press. Musick, MA, Wilson 2008, Volunteers: A Social Profile, ebook edn, Indiana University Press., Bloomington. Roseland, M 2012, Toward Sustainable Communities : Solutions for Citizens and Their Governments., eBook edn, New Society Publishers, New York. Soyka, PA 2012, Creating a sustainable organization : approaches for enhancing corporate value through sustainability, Print book edn, N.J. : FT Press, Upper Saddle River. Stebbins, R Graham , M 2004, Volunteering as leisure/leisure as volunteering : an international assessment, eBook edn, MA : CABI Pub, Wallingford, UK ; Cambridge. Thiele, PL 2013, Sustainability, eBook edn, NY John Wiley Sons , New York. Wittich, B 2013, Attract the Best Volunteers : Stop Recruiting and Start Attracting., Print book edn, BookBaby, Cork.

The Hite Report (1976) A Nationwide Study of Female Sexuality Essay Example

The Hite Report (1976): A Nationwide Study of Female Sexuality Essay Shere Hite is one of the most influential and controversial figures in sociology scholarship of the last half century. It won’t be an exaggeration to suggest that she is one of the most quoted authors in feminist scholarship; and her most famous work The Hite Report is even popular among lay readers. The Hite Report: A Nationwide Study of Female Sexuality was published in 1976. This was followed by The Hite Report on Male Sexuality in 1981 and The Hite Report on the Family in 1994. She is seen as an inspiration and role model for many feminist activists and writers for offering them radical new insights into female sexuality in western society. It is for the same reason that she is ostracized and attacked by conservative sections of western society, especially within the United States. Yet, there is no doubt that her contribution is quite significant in the context of the growth of sociology as a field. A prominent feature of the report is its sprawling style of documenting, which some have criticized for being disorganized, lacking in rigor and being repetitious. Yet, all of these charges can be proved incorrect upon closer scrutiny. Admittedly, her methodology was not as sophisticated as far as modern research methods go. Yet, she tried to make it as comprehensive as possible, by presenting subjects (women) with a detailed questionnaire asking them how they had orgasms. She distributed the questionnaire through post to all places within New York City at first. Later she sent out questionnaires to all across the country. On the whole, she followed an elaborate procedure starting from the first stage of conception and compilation of the questionnaire. This comprehensiveness is also evident in her endeavor to circulate the questionnaire to tens of thousands of subjects all across the country, as well as in the systematic compilation and study of responses she received via post. (Mcke e, 1998, p.40) We will write a custom essay sample on The Hite Report (1976): A Nationwide Study of Female Sexuality specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Hite Report (1976): A Nationwide Study of Female Sexuality specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Hite Report (1976): A Nationwide Study of Female Sexuality specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer To illustrate why the report appears repetitious at places, let us consider one of the questions in the questionnaire circulated to women participants: â€Å"Do you enjoy masturbating?† Hite’s objective is not to get a ‘yes’ or ‘no’ answer, but to rather qualitatively assess the act of female masturbation. According to the findings of the report, â€Å"Most women said they enjoyed masturbation physically (after all, it did lead to orgasm), but usually not psychologically†¦Psychologically, they felt lonely, guilty, unwanted, selfish, silly, and generally bad. Other words that were frequently used included uncomfortable, adrift, uneasy, pathetic, ashamed, empty, cheap, dirty, self-centered, silly, disgusted and self-conscious.† (The Hite Report, 1976, p.53) Some of the adjectives in this list might come across as repetitious, but they do bring out subtle differences in how women perceive and experience masturbation. Moreover, the surp rising findings of the report serves as a justification for the excess detail presented therein: â€Å"What she found, from the 3,500 women who replied, was that most women were not able to have orgasms through intercourse alone. What she deduced was that the definition of ‘sex’ as intercourse was ‘sexist’ because it was orientated around reproduction and men’s pleasure rather than women’s. She said intercourse should not be considered ‘the’ sex act, but just one way of making love out of many. This was 24 years ago and such has been the impact of her research that it seems a bit trite and obvious now.† (Ind, 2000, p.15) Considering how radical these revelations are about female sexuality, it is understandable why Hite has repeated information in her report. She was trying to cover all angles by presenting questions with subtle variations. This method would ensure that the intended (as against apparent or stated) answers of the participants would be accurately recorded. There are those who criticize her sample size as being limited or selective. Their assertion is that only â€Å"weird women† would reply to an anonymous questionnaire on the topic of sex. Most of these critics belong to the media, yet the laurels Hite had won in leading universities in the country stand testament to the validity of her methods. It also underscores the relevance and veracity of the inferences arrived by her research. (Mckee, 1998, p.40) Hite’s work is truly comprehensive in covering sexuality of women she also includes same-sex relationships. This includes not just lesbian relationships, but also mother-daughter and sister relationships. The detailed nature of her work is justified by the fact that it delves into all facets of women’s sexuality including same-gender relationships. For example, â€Å"from warring sisters, to mothers jealous of their daughters, to female work colleagues at war, The Hite Report on Women Loving Women reveals why women’s relationships with each other so often end in acrimony.† (Hite, 2007, p.70) In the same vein, her research also includes the subject of sexuality in mature women. Her findings in this area were groundbreaking at the time of their publication. It was previously believed that lithe young women in their 20s are the ones who are having all the fun. According to Hite’s survey, â€Å"it’s women in their 40s who are having the best sex of their lives†¦But it’s hardly to do with ‘the railing at the inevitability of death’ and ‘losing our looks’, as psychologists have claimed. It has more to do with pent-up lust and unexpressed emotions; of words unsaid, and the kind of grown-up sex that probably doesn’t happen at home with a partner. It’s like suddenly seeing the light†¦Older women have always known this, but keep pretty quiet about it because of the mud that is hurled at them if they speak out. A quick glance at the history of female sexuality reveals the roots of this potent taboo†¦.† (The Hite Report, 1976, p.86) To the question ‘How does age affect female sexuality?’, a broad range of answers were received from the participants. Some of the responses began like these â€Å"I feel that I could give two sets of answers to these questions†¦, I would also like to have seen questions asked on ethics – what moral imperatives have we laid on ourselves†¦, At fifty, I have come not to look or hope for an ideal. I think I have poor judgment in men, and besides, no man has seriously approached me in years†¦, I am sure I have loved. I am not sure they were healthy relationships†¦, etc† (The Hite Report, 1976, p.405) We can see that some of these answers overlap at places. In other words, just as there is divergence in responses there is also consensus on some aspects. To learn what these common experiences are, the author had to accommodate a broad sample size at the cost of making the report repetitious and detailed at places.

5 Steps to Turning Your Professional Goals Into Realities

5 Steps to Turning Your Professional Goals Into Realities When in pursuit of major goals, it can be very easy to get bogged down in set-backs, failed attempts, and obstacles. Having a big goal as your only end game can be extremely daunting, and can often lead to giving up. Here are 5Â  strategies for rethinking how we outline our professional goals to achieve success more quickly–without quite so much anxiety.1. Make a perspective shiftWhen Thomas Edison said he came up with 10,000 ways how not to invent the light bulb, he didn’t classify himself as a failure times 10,000. He didn’t even view these 10,000 attempts as failures; they were merely ways of ruling out the wrong strategies. The moral here is to turn your failures into stepping stones toward your success. Reframe your minor stumbling blocks into paths forward, and keep your eye on the prize.2. Sweat the small stuffAnd by sweat we mean celebrate. In going after the big goals, it’s important to keep in mind that a certain amount of patience is required. These things don’t happen overnight. Rather than slog for years to get that big brass ring, why not take a little time out to celebrate the smaller victories along the way? The added boost can build up valuable momentum and can actually help you reach your end goals in better time.3. Experience and show gratitudeThe same goes for being grateful and appreciative of what we have achieved so far. It isn’t all or nothing. It’s important to stay humble and also to realize how much more we may have achieved or realized in our careers than others who never get the chance. It’s not all about the big goal. It’s important to appreciate the milestones along the way and show a little gratitude.4. Set yourself up for successIt’s often the small, regular habits and routines that train our brains and work ethics to keep striving for success and moving forward. Make sure you’re building these habits into your workdays and goals lists. Good habits are just as hard to break!5. Be in the presentIt’s important to keep your eye on the future in setting your goals. But it’s also crucial not to lose track of the present moment. Don’t take anything for granted. Don’t disregard any project because it seems insignificant compared to your ideal finale. Realize that it’s the combination of your efforts over the years that will make your success achievable.Remember: Don’t put too much pressure on yourself. Break your larger goals down into smaller, more manageable ones- and don’t forget to celebrate when you achieve them. Reward yourself; it will keep you going! Track your progress along the way towards your ultimate end goal. But do remember to keep things in the proper perspective. If you do all this, success will be within your reach, and the journey towards it will be much more enjoyable.

Rujm el-Hiri (Golan Heights) - Ancient Observatory

Rujm el-Hiri (Golan Heights) - Ancient Observatory Sixteen kilometers east of the Sea of Galilee in the western part of the historic Bashan plain of the Golan Heights (a contested area claimed by both Syria and Israel) are the ruins of a most unusual structure, which scholars believe was built at least in part for archaeoastronomical purposes. Located at 515 meters above sea level, Rujm el-Hiri consists of a central cairn with a set of concentric rings encircling it. Built during the late Chalcolithic or Early Bronze Age about 5000 years ago, Rujm el-Hiri (also called Rogem Hiri or Gilgal Rephaim) is made of an estimated 40,000 tons of uncut black volcanic basalt field stones piled and wedged into between five and nine concentric rings (depending on how you count them), with heights reaching to 1 to 2.5 meters (3-8 feet) high. Nine Rings at Rujm el-Hiri The outermost, largest ring (Wall 1) measures 145 meters (475 feet) east-west and 155 m (500 ft) north-south. The wall measures consistently between 3.2-3.3 m (10.5-10.8 ft) thick, and in places stands up to 2 m (6 ft) in height. Two openings into the ring are currently blocked by fallen boulders: the northeastern measures some 29 m (95 ft) wide; the southeastern opening measures 26 m (85 ft). Not all of the internal rings are complete; some of them are more oval than Wall 1, and in particularly, Wall 3 has a pronounced bulge to the south. Some of the rings are connected by a series of 36 spoke-like walls, which make up chambers, and seem to be randomly spaced. At the center of the innermost ring is a cairn protecting a burial; the cairn and burial come after the initial construction of the rings by perhaps as long as 1500 years. The cairn is an irregular stone heap measuring some 20-25 m (65-80 ft) in diameter and 4.5-5 m (15-16 ft) in height. Dating the Site Very few artifacts have been recovered from Rujm el-Hiri, and no suitable organic materials have been recovered for radiocarbon dating. Based on what little artifacts were recovered, the earliest constructions were the rings during the Early Bronze Age, of the 3rd millennium BC; the cairn was built during the late Bronze Age of the late 2nd millennium. The huge structure (and a series of dolmens nearby) may be the origin of the myths of the ancient race of giants, mentioned in the Old Testament of the Judeo-Christian bible as led by Og, King of the Bashan. Archaeologists Yonathan Mizrachi and Anthony Aveni, studying the structure since the late 1980s, have another possible interpretation: a celestial observatory. Summer Solstice at Rujm el Hiri Recent work by Aveni and Mizrachi has noted that the entranceway to the center opens on sunrise of the summer solstice. Other notches in the walls indicate the spring and fall equinoxes. Excavations into the walled chambers did not recover artifacts indicating that the rooms were ever used either for storage or residence. Calculations of when the astronomical alignments would have matched stars supports the dating of the rings at having been built at about 3000 BC /- 250 years. The walls at Rujm el-Hiri seem to have pointed to star-risings for the period, and may have been predictors of the rainy season, a crucial bit of information for the sheep herders of the Bashan plain in 3000 BC. Sources This glossary entry is a part of the About.com guide to Astronomical Observatories, and the Dictionary of Archaeology. Aveni, Anthony and Yonathan Mizrachi 1998 The Geometry and Astronomy of Rujm el-Hiri, a Megalithic Site in the Southern Levant. Journal of Field Archaeology 25(4):475-496. Polcaro A, and Polcaro VF. 2009. Man and sky: problems and methods of Archaeoastronomy. Archeologia e Calcolatori 20:223-245. Neumann F, Schà ¶lzel C, Litt T, Hense A, and Stein M. 2007. Holocene vegetation and climate history of the northern Golan heights (Near East). Vegetation History and Archaeobotany 16(4):329-346.

Literature Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 6

Literature Review - Essay Example The process design of a manufacturing system is critical and may need minimal errors for proper execution. Simulation plays a significant role in the manufacturing that would ensure that production flow is well facilitated. Simulations are usually conducted using lesser expenses, resources and time rather than just experimenting to develop uncontrolled designs. This is essential in avoiding carrying out experiments with the real system that can lead to substantial wastage. The results that are obtained from the model can be used as guidance after thorough analysis. The results obtained from the modelling are also significant in informing the changes that are seen in various manufacturing processes. The capital expenditures and system constraints can also be controlled as a result of the implementation of the simulation process (Nutaro et al. 2008, p.98). Simulation models address various issues concerning the manufacturing industry. Some of the most basic issues that are addressed through the use of models include the need to have the appropriate quantity, the right number of employees, performance evaluation, operation procedures and equipment usage. All competitive organisations need to work hard to ensure that they maintain their customers and win the hearts of new customers. They need to understand their product designs and how to make the products to their customers. This is because the products are found in the real world and the customers need the best experience they can get to enjoy the products they acquire from firms. There are a number of challenges and barriers that are associated with the implementation of simulation in firms (Nutaro 2013, p.38). Lack of experts to develop simulation models is a challenge for most firms. It is so because the development of models is always associated with experts who are well trained in simulation and modelling. It is only very large organisations that are capable of paying the services

The Concept of Wisdom in Judaism and Confucius Essay

The Concept of Wisdom in Judaism and Confucius - Essay Example For Aristotle the acts of the Gods had to be contemplative since they did not engage in acts of justice or bravery, where as Plato thought that imitating the Gods included both ethical and political values. In Judaism Imitatio Dei is centered on ethical values and striving to be the best that humans can be, not wise like God, because wisdom is what God used to create the world. Wisdom is the search for the knowledge of God (Shapiro 1971 pg 3). This idea is related in Genesis. The Lord by wisdom founded the earth, by understanding He established the Heavens. By His knowledge the depths were broken up, and the skies drop down the dew. How manifold are Thy works, O Lord! In wisdom hast thou made them all. According to the Pentateuch, the knowledge of God is the fruit of wisdom and a faithful path toward Imitatio Dei. Knowledge of God in Judaism is tied to the instructions God gave to Moses. The Israelites were captured because they had no knowledge of God, that is, they did not follow the rules Yahweh handed down to Moses. In Proverbs it states that fear of the Lord is the beginning of wisdom and the knowledge of the All-Holy is understanding. True wisdom is the pursuit if the knowledge of God and all other goals serve only to be wise to other humans or oneself. Man can search for God's wisdom by reading Torah since Torah is the reflections of God's knowledge. David Shapiro makes an interesting observation when he points out that Israel avoids the pagan ideas of actually gaining the wisdom of a deity and becoming a God because the pagans subscribed to the belief. In Genesis 9:6 the Bible does say that man was created in the image of God, but that aspect is not mentioned again after that chapter and verse. While pagans strove to become Gods, Jews strove for the knowledge of God, a fundamental difference. This may also be a reaction to information in Genesis that wisdom is a quality of Satan. The snake talked Eve into eating from the Tree of Knowledge, thus becoming "wise" and knowing good and evil like God. In Judaism the limitations of man's knowledge contrasts with the pagan goal of actually gaining God's wisdom. In the pursuit of Imitatio Dei it was necessary to build God's dwelling place on earth. The Tabernacle, and later, the Temple served as the Imago Mundi, God's house on earth. This was the start of wisdom being incorporated into architecture, sacred geometry of a meta-physical nature. In the Jewish religion then God had a sacred book and a sacred house on earth. The Talmud as interpreted by Raba of Babylonia, states that wisdom is repentance combined with good deeds. One should not spend hours reading Torah then disrespect his parents and elders. This notion maintains the hierarchy sanctioned in the Torah where one's own wisdom is a reflection of superiors. Judaism began with humans having direct contact with God. Abraham founded the one God religion and Moses accepted the Covenant and the rules of following Yahweh. This one on one relationship is an on going central part of Judaism. Confucius lived around 550 to 480 B.C.E. in the Zhou Dynasty. The name is the Latinized version of Kong fu-zi or Master Kong (Nadeau pg 1). He is one of China's most important

Boulder Colorado limiting new construction and population growth Essay

Boulder Colorado limiting new construction and population growth - Essay Example The differentiation of being able to pay and the willingness to pay are vastly poles apart because if a household has the ability to pay then it means that the breadwinner is earning more than the average office worker and is spending less than thirty-five percent (35%) of his or her earnings in paying for the house. Willingness to pay on the other hand means that the household is ready to comply with the payment requirements but there is no actual proof that the breadwinner has the financial resources to pay the monthly mortgages on the home aside from the simultaneous expenses needed for daily living. When these types of scenarios are taken into great consideration, it is without a doubt that urban sprawl is usually weighed down with issues regarding racial and social class discriminations (Wright Realtors). It is typical for urban sprawl to include the development of the suburban outskirts that are most often way pass the city limits. The major setbacks of this include high car de pendence, insufficient health and cultural facilities, higher per-person/ per capita costs, disorganized street plans, and pollution.

Issues with the US Education System

Issues with the US Education System Kevin Portillo Public Policy: Deficiencies with the Education in America With new accommodations, such as the internet, smart phones and other gadgets, education has found its way across various outlets. Since the late twentieth century, public schools have adopted new ways in which a student may learn through the interaction of innovative technology. However, even with these new developments, deficiencies in America’s education still exist. Unequal access to education, poor education management, and recently failed legislation have all contributed to the weak educational system in the United States. When we learn about the Civil Rights issues America faced early in its infant years as a nation, we learn that black slaves were treated unequally because the simple difference in the color of their skin. White overseers and masters would have their way and do as they pleased over them with no remorse because they were considered property, not humans. After generations of mistreatment, disrespect and brutality, freedom finally came to all former slaves. Soon after, the United States granted their freedom with addition of the 14th amendment in 1868 which gave them the right of due process and equal protection of the law. Now that African American’s were free and protected by the law, they began to make use of their rights by sending their kids to school with the white kids. This caused an uproar in the classrooms. Children are mirror images of the one’s that raised them, and since most of the white kid’s parents were not okay with the new freedoms of African Ameri cans, hatred and disorder were day to day issues at almost every public school in America. The problem, at the time, was not only from the children in these schools; teachers, staff and faculty members were a major obstacle for African American children to receive the same level of education as the neighboring, white children.Though African American children were on the spotlight of this educational gridlock, they were not the only race to encounter road blocks in their children’s education; any minority race or ethnicity were also thrown into the mix as races that did not belong. It took up until near the end of the century, for the issue to be tried at the Supreme Court in the case of Plessy v Ferguson. The court ruled that all establishments must be â€Å"separate but equal† to all private businesses. As a result of the ruling, minority races were forced to attend establishments that were specifically for them. For example, black children were not permitted to atten d the â€Å"white’s only† schools, drink from â€Å"white’s only† water fountains, eat at the â€Å"white’s only† cafe’s nor use the â€Å"white’s only† facilities and commodities. Instead they had their own places where minority groups may do the things the supreme white men, women, and children did. These separate accommodations and facilities were always found in poor condition and lacked basic maintenance. You could easily distinguish which facilities were for the white’s and which were not. The end of segregation, especially in schools, was when the Supreme Court overruled its precedent in 1886 with decision in the case of Brown v Board of Education. The integration of all races in schools and private businesses was in full effect. Though retaliation was expected, President Eisenhower was prepared with an executive order for all public schools to open their doors to all races. This ultimately marked the end of hostile tension between minority groups but did not cease the tension within the classroom. It took time for society to over overcome its ego but the day of unity in schools across America from minority and majority groups came towards the end of the century. Education is about fostering the intellectual and curious ones. Mandatory schooling ends at age 17 in Texas. When we graduate from High School, it’s up to us to decide whether we pursue greater knowledge or develop skills. However, unless our preceding educational background is positive, our interest in learning will weaken. TheOECD report notes that facilitating lifelong learning is â€Å"paramount†. Yet, instead of embracing the facts, schools across America are hampered by an excessive bureaucracy that seems to diffuse learning. Take the SAT. With its distinct multiple-choice question and its defining influence in college admissions, the SAT is both intellectually omnipotent in its shaping impact. Teachers are forced to â€Å"teach the SAT† rather than sparking interest in knowledge and ultimately diminishes the learning environment. In doing so, it fails to encourage exceptional students and it fails to support struggling students. It defers developmental cur iosity to college. In the end, the costs are clear. Those students who don’t go to college, are left behind. Those who do go to college, have to learn how to learn. Within the last decade, legislation such as the No Child Left Behind Act (President Bush, 2001), was a mandate for accountability on educational standards and emphasis on test results. In theory, it will improve the quality of public education for all students. Supporters believe that the act’s initiatives will further democratize U.S. education, by setting standards and providing resources to schools, regardless of wealth, ethnicity, disabilities or language spoken. Those that oppose it allege that the act hasnt been effective in improving education in public education, especially high schools, as evidenced by mixed results in standardized tests. They also claim that standardized testing is deeply flawed and biased for many reasons, and that stricter teacher qualifications have exacerbated the nationwide teacher shortage, not provided a stronger teaching force. Some critics believe that the federal government has no constitutional authority in the educational arena, and that federal involvement erodes state and local control over education of their children. In addition to these problems, the No Child Left Behind Act hindered those students who are one level above their peers. The act made schools focus on those who are at risk of fallen behind and leave the students who stride in the shadows. Also, since their is no general definition for the â€Å"gifted† nor a standard way of implementing â€Å"gifted education, then leads those students walking into a dark room and expecting them to come out with everything they need for the rest of their lives. The No Child Left Behind Act shifted the attention of the higher level students and turned it to facilitating at risk students who only need the bare minimum to pass. At a college level, students combat themselves with a new learning environment and are forced to dropout because they can’t afford to go to college just to sit in a class and be bewildered and fail the class. In conclusion, America has been seen as one of the worldwide leaders in industry. However, it is mostly because people from other countries come to do their business here. It is time for America to confront its mediocre education mentality and begin focussing on legislation that benefits the student body of the generations to come. Teachers need to stop worrying so much about teaching how to take a test and focus more on how to answer the problems given instead. They should focus on teaching and ensuring that lessons they’ve taught will stick to them for more than the time until a test but for a lifetime instead. The U.S should ensure the future of its education by urging more legislation that will benefit the youth and anyone seeking higher education. In the long run, America will benefit from having â€Å"home-grown† entrepreneurs, engineers, doctors, lawyers, law officials and teachers. Inspiring education today will guarantee America’s stability tomorrow.

Labor and Delivery Assessment Essay

Internal fetal monitoring is accomplished with a fetal scalp electrode that is a direct electrocardiogram of the FHR and therefore produces the most accurate FHR tracing having an advantage over the external monitoring. The FSE is attached to the fetus during a vaginal exam and then connected to a fetal monitor. Because the risk of transmission to the fetus is increased by the small puncture in the fetal scalp, use of internal scalp electrodes should be avoided if at all possible in the presence of known maternal infections such as HIV, hepatitis or GBS. Fetal scalp monitors are also avoided in preterm infants because of the increased risk of ventricular hemorrhage. Electronic monitoring of UCs can be done internally by using an intrauterine pressure catheter (IUPC). It is inserted into the uterine cavity through the cervical os. It reflects the pressure inside the uterine cavity. As the pressure changes, it traces on the graph paper. The IUPC can measure the resting tone of the uterus between contractions, referred to as intensity. An advantage of an IUPC is that it provides a near-exact pressure measurement for contraction intensity and uterine resting tone. The sensitivity of the IUPC allows for very accurate timing of UCs, thus making it extremely useful when closer uterine monitoring is needed. A disadvantage for both internal monitoring methods is that membranes must be ruptured and adequate cervical dilation must be achieved for insertion. The procedure is invasive and increases the risk of uterine infection or perforation or trauma. It can also cause a placenta rupture if the placenta is low-lying. Electronic FHR monitoring can be done externally by using an ultrasound (US) transducer. The transducer is placed on the maternal abdomen over the fetal back and held by an elastic belt. The US transducer can be more beneficial than auscultating the FHR because it provides a continuous graphic recording. It can show the baseline variability and changes in the FHR. It is noninvasive and doesn’t require the rupture of membranes or minimal cervical dilation. FHR monitoring by US transducer is limited because it is susceptible to interference from maternal or fetal movement and may produce a weak signal. The tracing may become sketchy and difficult to interpret. Telemetry is another type external monitoring. It can monitor both FHR and uterine activity. This system can be worn on a shoulder strap by the mother, which allows the woman to ambulate, helping her ambulate while continuously monitoring. Electric monitoring of UCs can be done externally using a tocodynamometer or tocotransducer (toco). The toco is placed on the maternal abdomen at or near the fundus and held in place by an elastic belt. As the uterus contracts, pressure exerted against the toco is transmitted and recorded on to graph paper. The toco can assess UCs for frequency and duration, but not intensity. The advantages are that it is non-invasive, easy to place, and may be used both before and following rupture of membranes. It also provides a permanent, continuous recording of the duration and frequency of contractions. Explain what Pitocin is used for: Pitocin is used for the induction and/or augmentation of labor at term, facilitation of threatened abortion, and in postpartum to control bleeding and prevent hemorrhage and uterine atony after expulsion of the placenta. PELVIC ASSESSMENT FINDINGS:Give normal findings and measurements Diagonal conjugate – extends from the suprapubic angle to the middle of the sacral promontory. – 12.5 cm Ischial Spines – arise near the junction of the ileum and ischium and jut into the pelvic cavity They serve as a reference point during labor to elevate the descent of the fetal head into the birth canal. 10.5 cm Pubic Arch – triangular space below the symphysis pubis. The head passes under this arch during birth. 1.5 – 2 c from diagonal conjugal Coccyx -small triangular bone that articulates with the sacrum. It usually moves backward during labor to provide more room for the fetus. > 8cm in diameter Sacrum – wedge-shaped bone formed by the fusion of five vertebrae. On the anterior upper portion of the sacrum is the sacral promontory which is another guide in determining pelvic measurements. Types of Pelvis Gynecoid -The most common female pelvis is the gynecoid type. The inlet is rounded, with the anteroposterior diameter a little shorter than the transverse diameter. This is the most favorable for a vaginal delivery. Android – The normal male pelvis is the android type; however, it occasionally is seen in females. The inlet is heart-shaped. Anthropoid – The inlet of an anthropoid pelvis is oval, with a long anteroposterior diameter and an adequate but rather short transverse diameter. This is the second most favorable for vaginal delivery.

Bad Home Life Essay

Children all over the world suffer everyday from bad home life, born with health problems, no shelter, abusive parents, not having enough food or water to have a good living. Majority of the children are robbed of their childhood. Everyone has heard about the problems in Africa mainly children dying of lack of food and clean water causing malnutriton. After researching more about what caught my eye was the problem in Uganda that has been going on for about twentyfive years and still happening today. It’s a very tragic and almost unbelievable story that this would happen in the lives of young children. Imagine the little kids you see on the playground at your nearby elementary school were running around with guns just shooting whatever got in their way. It’s basically an army led by Joseph Kony who was once a rebel of the army. Made up of thousands of children starting at five years old to adulthood. Majority of the children that have joined are dead now reaching a certain age. He was just not just a mass murderer but involved in many sex crimes as well. He starts by kidnapping the children from their homes the parents are killed in front of their children some the children are forced to shoot their parents. They are then forced to become apart of the army some disagree and are killed on the spot. Women are also captured to look after the young children that are captured they are also brutally raped some survive or killed, they become widowed too by the killing of their husbands. They also become responsible for feeding the children waking up early in the morning in search of food. The women become very restless and suffering due to the loss of their relatives and husbands. There is somewhat a change happening in Africa to help with this problem called the SOS Social Centre supports over 250 children and their mothers in the community who have been affected by the civil war with counseling, and medical, nutritional and educational support. Former soldiers of the army that have escaped also receive counseling. To think that these people and children do not have rights or health care that we here in America were born with is unbelievable. Many children in the SOS are orphans due to losing their parents, brother and sisters etc. , they have certain program for this called the Family Strengthening Program so there are less abandoned children. Today, chased beyond Uganda’s borders, Kony stalks the wildly remote jungles straddling the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Central African Republic, and southern Sudan, eluding American backed efforts to end his demented war and save the children who suffer at his hand.

Free Essays on Religion In Public Schools

Religion In Public Schools In the past Religion was confined to the state now with religious freedom everything has changed or at least started to change. In order for religion to be in a private school now it is again trying to be in Public schools. People ask "why can't freedom to acknowledge god be enjoyed again by children in every schoolroom across this land?" In the past, a long time ago children always prayed before class started and before lunch. But things h ave changed, "in 1791 the separation of church and state" started. Although it was made clear about the separation of the two "as late as 1951 some twenty states permitted schools to begin the day by reading aloud a passage of the bible." Bu t that had to stop. People didn't have the same beliefs when it comes to religion, if a family absent even believe in god why should their child be forced to pray? On many different occasions questions similar to this one were brought up and complained about. That is what started it all real big. When complaining, arguing and fighting all started over the silent moment. In 1978 a few lawyers got together and considered a constitutional law. The original law said that public school teachers in gr ades 1-6 "shall announce that a period of silence, not to exceed one minute, shall be observed for meditation." This law did not work for long, because it still allowed oral prayer in public high schools. Later in 1981, the Alabama State Senator Donald G. Holmes successfully passed a bill that included all grades calling it "the moment of silence" this law said that "the teacher (was) to announce that the silent moment may be used for voluntary prayer." Although it would have to be si lent prayer. Even after this new law started the lawyers that were opposed to this were trying to say that students "do not have a right to pray in school" silently or otherwise because of growing impressions that affect their life. The si... Free Essays on Religion In Public Schools Free Essays on Religion In Public Schools Religion In Public Schools In the past Religion was confined to the state now with religious freedom everything has changed or at least started to change. In order for religion to be in a private school now it is again trying to be in Public schools. People ask "why can't freedom to acknowledge god be enjoyed again by children in every schoolroom across this land?" In the past, a long time ago children always prayed before class started and before lunch. But things h ave changed, "in 1791 the separation of church and state" started. Although it was made clear about the separation of the two "as late as 1951 some twenty states permitted schools to begin the day by reading aloud a passage of the bible." Bu t that had to stop. People didn't have the same beliefs when it comes to religion, if a family absent even believe in god why should their child be forced to pray? On many different occasions questions similar to this one were brought up and complained about. That is what started it all real big. When complaining, arguing and fighting all started over the silent moment. In 1978 a few lawyers got together and considered a constitutional law. The original law said that public school teachers in gr ades 1-6 "shall announce that a period of silence, not to exceed one minute, shall be observed for meditation." This law did not work for long, because it still allowed oral prayer in public high schools. Later in 1981, the Alabama State Senator Donald G. Holmes successfully passed a bill that included all grades calling it "the moment of silence" this law said that "the teacher (was) to announce that the silent moment may be used for voluntary prayer." Although it would have to be si lent prayer. Even after this new law started the lawyers that were opposed to this were trying to say that students "do not have a right to pray in school" silently or otherwise because of growing impressions that affect their life. The si...

Accounting-System in Switzerland essays

Accounting-System in Switzerland essays Brainstorming: Accounting of Switzerland 4 We have chosen the Switzerland for several reasons. First of all Swiss accounting is neither examined in our textbook nor is it one of our native countries. This was one of the requirements of the exercise. Then we thought that Switzerland is interesting because of its cultural background. There are four languages spoken in the Switzerland, which is enclosed by 5 neighbours (Germany, France, Italy, Liechtenstein, Austria). The Swiss adopted the language of Germany, France and Italy and that led us to the assumption that the Swiss accounting probably might be influenced by at least one or even more of its neighbours. Another reason choosing Switzerland was the well-known banking secrecy and the importance of privacy and secrecy in general. To get informations about Swiss accounting we looked at the articles in newspapers, books, magazines and the Internet. Interestingly it seemed that even the professionals wrangle with the challenges of switching the accounting system. Because Switzerland isnt a member of the European Union it was interesting to examine to which extent the EU policy in terms of accounting influences Swiss accounting. Brainstorming: Accounting of Switzerland Switzerland has only very few natural resources and a restricted surface area (~ 41 million km ², 60% of the surface is alpine area) (source: derweg.org/laender/schweiz/schweieinf.htm). Foreign trade is essential for its wealth. The total population of about 7,200,000 and - associated with that - a relatively small domestic market is another factor which forced Swiss manufacturers to look for cross border trade. They need foreign markets in order to make investment in research and development worthwhile. The constitution of Switzerland was published in 1848 and guarantees freedom of the press and settlement, religious and association liberty. Paragon for the swiss institution was the institut...

Understanding business operations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Understanding business operations - Essay Example per will examine current models of business operations by considering how these organizations might theoretically gain a competitive advantage by drawing on the examples of two organizations. One of the presented models will be based on an organization which is volume intensive and second will be based on a business model which is margin intensive. There is little question that technology is evolving rapidly, and the impact that these technological advances have on our modern economy can be profound. In this regard, organizations who have made every attempt to be constant and consistent innovators in technological development and application in their business models have reached an unparalleled success. Technological advances in such areas as supply chain, inventory management, distribution, and business monitoring has significantly affected the bottom line of a number of different businesses. For the purpose of this essay the first business model that will be examined is that of Wal-Mart and how the implementation of technology in their business organization has affected the way that we as consumers may have shifted our buying procedures. The format for this discussion is to give a brief background on Wal-Mart followed by a discussion as to how their innovation has helped make this organization the company it is today. There is little question that Wal-Mart is a truly global company which according to Reuters (2010) has operations in over fourteen nations with both retail and online sales in their portfolio. Wal-Mart has a focus on regular household items however the company has recently diversified into membership format retail operations as well as diversifying their product offerings to include groceries. One could theoretically define their product offerings to be in the traditional household retail sector. When questioned as to how Wal-Mart’s business model has affected the goods we buy and the choices available one must make an examination of

Model health promotion or wellness plan Research Paper

Model health promotion or wellness plan - Research Paper Example Hence, in community settings, this model is important in the health promotion campaign of enhanced success levels. In Montana, a community partnership had been forged between the Montana Department of Public Health, Benefis Healthcare, and Montana State University Social Norms Project in constructing a program that addresses the alarming epidemiology of high cardiovascular health-related risks. In particular, the Montana Cardiovascular Health Program had been established with several goals in mind. The program is formulated to elevate health community awareness on specific manifestations in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, reduce the need for treatment time, and enhance intervention outcomes through increased system efficiency in emergency response. In particular terms, community residents are further educated on what to look for in individuals for possible worsening heart and stroke conditions that need emergency care and treatment, as well as the risk factors that must be avoided before such incidents may develop.

Teenage Pregnancy Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Teenage Pregnancy - Assignment Example ned the differences of youths who are school going in the urban minority and faced with the possibility of teen pregnancy, how teen pregnancies affect academics and the approaches that the schools can use in addressing the problem (Basch, 2011). The author emphasizes that there is a lot of pressure that comes from teen pregnancy in influencing the outcomes of education among teens. There are reported high cases of teen pregnancy especially among the urban minority youth. According to the research carried out school, based programs can be of help in equipping the teens with skills and knowledge the need to be able to postpone sex to later time in life, to practice safe sex, to avoid unwanted pregnancies, and incase one becomes pregnant to go on and pursue education. There is an added advantage of the sex education in schools since the youth are protected from HIV and other infections, which can be spread amongst the youth as they engage in sex (Basch, 2011). The author carried out a research to have an overview on teenage pregnancy and realized that almost a third of teen females in the U.S get pregnant and once pregnant they face the risk of getting pregnant again. Compared to other western countries the author argues that in the U.S teenage pregnancies are high. When teens give birth especially when it is not intended they are highly affected and it can be extended to the children they get. The minority youth have higher teen pregnancy cases than the white youths. Teen pregnancies affect education, health, and social aspects of children (Basch, 2011). Teens that get pregnant are likely not to continue with their education. Those who continue with their education face several obstacles such that their performance is highly affected. From research, it is clear that children who are born to teen mothers are likely to become teen parents too. The research shows that children born to teen mothers are likely to become teen mothers since they probably live in

21st Century Management Skills Essay Example for Free

21st Century Management Skills Essay Being a successful manager in the 21st century takes many skills that can be placed into three categories: Management Style, Communication, and Employee Relations. Historically, managers have mostly fallen into the Theory X type manager, meaning they pushed for production at any cost to the employee. The manager would assume that most people dislike work and avoid it whenever possible. People responded to punishment and negative reinforcement, and also that employees wanted to be directed and did not want the responsibility of making their own decisions. The 21st century manager will be much the opposite, seeing the employee as the number one asset. They see the employee as being driven and embracing responsibility, while being loyal to the company due to a positive reward system. Managers will stand back allowing for self-direction, and employee creativity and imagination to be tapped into. Next, communication is key to the success of any organization. One important skill for a manager is being multicultural, and/or multilingual – being able to speak another language, and to understand and adapt to differing cultural cues. This allows for a diverse work environment with less culture shock and improved human relations. Information will flow equally up and down the organization; employees will be kept informed about the Key Operating Indicators of the company, such as Internal PPM Scrap, Efficiency, On Time Delivery, etc. Allowing for a visual representation of how the organization is doing, and making the employees feel more connected; in turn increasing productivity, decreasing scrap, pushing for quality and on time delivery – while being able to track improvements. Finally, organizations have changed their outlook on customer relations, by making their employees their internal customers. Employees will be used as guides for continuous improvement of processes and policies throughout the organization. This will allow the employee to form loyalty and commitment, knowing they have a say in how things work. Managers will be team leaders and coaches to new employees, meaning everyone is helping everyone else; allowing employees to embrace change. Employees with this new commitment will be more likely to be promoted from within with a wealth of company information and knowledge, helping them to renew the cycle and become better managers themselves.

Moral Ambiguity of Charlie in The Little Drummer Girl Essays -- Little

Moral Ambiguity of Charlie in The Little Drummer Girl   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In George J. Lennard’s, â€Å"John le Carre† critical assessment of the ending of Little Drummer Girl, he claims that â€Å"Charlie can not continue to act in the theater of the real...she can no longer return to the romantic fluff of Western middle class society.† Charlie’s last line in the novel, the theater of the real, are â€Å"I am dead† (pp.659), which confirms Lennard’s statement. Charlie, an actress, by nature and craft is a coerced into a scheme to infiltrate a terrorist ring, against her convictions. By playing upon Charlie’s insecurities and her need for acceptance, this scheme forms a kind of moral ambiguity and uncertainness inside Charlie. When it ends, her world is shattered, and she becomes â€Å"dead† in a figurative sense.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The theater of the real forces Charlie to give a performance of a lifetime as her own life is at stake. In the beginning Charlie, willing and naive, accepts the script given to her by Joseph. Joseph himself, trains Charlie how to act in this scheme, much like an acting coach trains an inexperienced theatrical student. Along the way, Joseph gives her important pieces of advice such as â€Å"stay with the logic of the fiction...weaken and you will ruin the operation...we’ll repair [any] damage (pp. 468), advice which Charlie does not closely follow. In a world that will be turn upside down for Charlie, Joseph is her one remaining constant.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The people Charlie comes in contact with can be best described as characters or actors in fiction as well. The characters names change almost as frequently as Charlie’s views of her situation. The changing names give way to the belief that the characters, under disguise, can not really be held responsible for their actions as they are in costume. As the novel progresses, Charlie also changes costumes much like a chameleon changes with its environment. When Charlie’s character is the Israelites, she is sympathetic to them; likewise, when she is with the Palestinians, she takes on their beliefs, which in it self creates a chaos and provides substance to the theme of moral ambiguity in le Carre’s novel.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Charlie begins her journey into moral ambiguity with the death of Michel, a Palestinian terrorist. Following her script carefully, Charlie infiltrates the terrorist ring, convincing them that she was Michel’s lover. Charli... ... [into the real] is futile† (pp. 600). And so, Charlie enters back into the world of the real changed and alone, even â€Å"dead† because she is unable to ever be the same.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Charlie’s character deals with concerns of terrorism, the persuasive power of love and the moral ambiguity on both sides of the fence. Perhaps her most important discovery is when she realizes the cost of violence to those who preform it. Although Charlie is clearly the protagonist of the novel, she makes an important discover which seems to eliminate the conflict of moral ambiguity: there is good and evil in everyone. This lesson affects Charlie in ways the writers of her script never could have known. Like the writers of a good novel, she has already begun to miss the character she has fallen in love with– herself. Charlie now, neither belongs in the theater of the real no in the real world– she will no longer fit in either as she once did, Making her â€Å"dead† to herself and everyone who once knew her Le Carre leaves us with an image of Charlie preforming works of art in a theater for a real audience. Significantly because Charlieà ¢â‚¬â„¢s ambiguity of herself can best be seen by playing the characters of others.

Witchcraft During the Renaissance

Accompanying and following the Renaissance â€Å"rebirth† during the fourteenth through sixteenth centuries and supplementing the Protestant and Catholic Reformations, the persecution of individuals as witches in Europe reached its zenith during the sixteenth century. Countless people, women and men alike, were accused of witchcraft, although this scale was tipped significantly toward poor, old women whose husbands’ had low wage work. The notion of witchcraft appealed to and was possible at the time to the general public because such occurrences as â€Å"mysterious disappearances† or â€Å"Satanic luck† necessitated explanations.These events were thus attributed to â€Å"servants of the Devil,† or witches, who were supposedly possessed to bend to Satan’s will as stated my Luther. Luther’s bias was towards the bible because he was a religious leader; therefor he believed what it said, which was that witches existed. Many accused witches were tortured until they either admitted, like Walpurga Hausmannin, or were killed from torture. Hausmannin’s bias was towards women because she was one, and she was very skeptical towards all the women being killed.No one was safe, as even mayors councilors and associate judges were persecuted. The witch-hunting excitement of the period resulted from religious, individual, societal, and sociological fears and interests prevalent during the time frame. First, highly influential religious individuals like Luther, Calvin, and the pope form a group of people who played a major role in promoting the belief of witchcraft among the people. Pope Innocent VIII, for example, willingly accepted the concept of witchcraft and even fully supported the persecution of witches.His bias was also towards the Bible. As a religious leader, the Pope wholeheartedly believed that individuals â€Å"give themselves over to devils† and, as a servant of God, was obliged to purge the world of th em. The notable Protestant leaders Martin Luther and John Calvin shared this identical perspective. Luther stresses that the â€Å"Devil’s whores† exist to cause chaos and disruption in God’s world. As he strictly upheld the status quo, Luther would have used the convenient explanation that the poor laborers were more likened to turn to witchcraft.Calvin, on the other hand, compares the problem of witchcraft to that of waging â€Å"war against an infinite number of enemies†. Calvin, as an advocate of an organization adjoining religion and state, naturally views the campaign against witches as war. Clergy, influenced by these religious leaders, recorded any slightly suspicious activity as supernatural and Satanic. Since the majority of Europe was Catholic or some form of Protestant during the time, the people looked up to their respective leaders for â€Å"truth. As popes, Luther, and Calvin professed the existence of witchcraft, the people did as well. H owever, other individuals persecuted witches for purely individual or societal interests. The witch-hunting movement was promoted and effectively advertised by those who would gain from the persecution, namely the â€Å"notaries, copyists, and innkeepers†¦executioner†. According to the account, anyone could be put to trial or torture with the slightest provocation. As a result, the individuals who gained some form of wealth from the persecution supported it.Judges gained support from the people for charging individuals with witchcraft. The demographic aspects of accused witches show that women were much more likely to be persecuted as a consequence of gender biases toward the â€Å"impurity† and â€Å"imperfection† of the feminine sex in the group. The authors of are Dominican monks attempting to clarify the reasons for which women are witches. Although John Wier is skeptical towards the idea of witchcraft, his views sustain the fact that old women’s physical state led to their increased chance of persecution.The most important reason why numerous individuals were branded and persecuted as witches during the late fifteenth through seventeenth centuries was probably as a convenient sociological reason for unexplained occurrences. Any unusual event would cause mass hysteria (Doc B5), and as the people could not directly punish the devils for it, they would be satisfied to reprimand the devils’ servants, the witches, since there could be no other reasonable rationalization.The composition of poems regarding witchcraft shows that it played a prominent role in the life of an ordinary person. It also subtly encourages readers not to fall under possession by resisting Satan’s attempts to control them. John Weir also indicates that the public, including some scientists, passionately favors witch persecution. In late seventeenth-century America, several girls’ witch accusations in Salem, Massachusetts caused two yea rs of witch fear illustrating the common fear of spiritual evils.

Defining a Hero: Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird and Atticus Finch’s Heroism Essay

The definition of a hero is varied and intricate. While there are certain types of heroism such as altruistic heroism, or other machismo bravado this paper will seek to find a definition to the specific heroism as exhibited in Harper Lee’s character Atticus Finch in To Kill a Mockingbird. A discussion of the definition of hero according to literary terms (as defined by the Greeks, Aristotle and Plato – especially using his philosophy on morality) will be used to set up the paper in order to discover what makes Atticus Finch a classic hero. Such issues as racism and bravery against prejudice will strongly support this thesis claim. The idea of heroism in the form of a literary character has its roots with Greek drama. This drama expressed heroes as having a major flaw. It was this flaw which at once destroyed them but also allowed them to be human and therefore be able to be labeled as heroes. In finding this definition them the readers of Lee’s novel To Kill a Mockingbird must consider what odds are against Atticus Finch and what flaws or flaw he has in his character that allow him to be a human hero. Aristotle’s definition for a hero is one who is not in control of his own fate, but instead is ruled by the gods in one fashion or another – in the case of Atticus Finch his fate and the fate of his trial is determined by the jury. It is then the jury who exhibit control over Finch’s fate and the fate of his client. Although Atticus is a hero of Lee’s story, he must be considered a tragic hero for his bravery is met by opposition and it is this opposition that ultimately wins the battle of justice versus prejudice in Harper Lee’s novel. The tragic hero for Aristotle is tragic because of their lack of control or will in the face of their predetermined future and downfall – a predetermined future which is well established in the bigotry of the jurors in the court case scenes whereby Atticus is shown to be a hero as well as showing his ultimate downfall in the jury convicting Tom Robinson of rape. A great tragic flaw (hamartia) is the hero’s devil may care attitude at the beginning of each story, and then their despondency and stagnation of hope that meets them at the end of the play. This is shown with Atticus’ belief that justice will prevail in the courtroom and his revelation of Mayella Ewell making sexual passes toward Tom and her drunken father Bob Ewell catching her in the act. Thus, hope seems to be lost for the hero. Therefore, although Atticus Finch may be defined as a hero his heroism character traits in the novel still is marked by failure. While Atticus is defined as a hero, his heroism is determined by subjective narration. Harper Lee tells his story through the voice of Scout, Atticus’ daughter, therefore, the idealism with which a daughter has for their father is already in play in determining the character traits of heroism in Atticus Finch (this can be strongly seen when Scout fights the other kids at the playground for calling her father a ‘nigger lover’). Although there is a sincere amount of idealism in play in the novel in regards to Scout’s viewpoint of her father, there are other elements of the story which aid in defining Atticus’ heroism. In Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird racism is ubiquitous with the young culture in the town. Just as Atticus is a lawyer in the book, Scout the narrator and child depicts the scene of racism thusly, â€Å"My fists were clenched I was ready to make fly. Cecil Jacobs had announced the day before that Scout Finch’s daddy defended niggers. † Though Scout continually defends Atticus on the playground and in other parts of town, the racist remarks do not stop. Even Scout’s cousin Francis is overwhelmingly supplied with racist remarks, â€Å"At a safe distance her called, `He’s nothin’ but a nigger-lover’.† In Scout’s defense of her father the reader is already subjected to her viewpoint on Atticus being a hero – and a hero is made that much grander when they are up against the evil majority of a town and they have the support of their family. It is perhaps both of these elements; that of going against the odds and of Scout’s unquestionable devotion to her father’s cause, that make Atticus Finch a hero. It is in racism, and the reality of that prejudice that the entire town’s lives are changed, and the political arena of the courtroom shows itself as discriminatory. It is against this charge of discrimination that Atticus may be defined as a hero, and it is also his failure against this prejudice that makes him a tragic hero. Modern literature juxtaposes a character’s dwindling faith in themselves and reality. Atticus’ reality is that he is trying to save a person in a town wherein they are already found guilty by the color of their skin. There are elements of justice and finding the truth beneath the guise of bigotry that play a major part in support of Atticus’ being a hero. His unwavering pursuit of justice against these odds is what chiefly finds him out to become a hero not in his son’s vision of a father (in that subjective viewpoint) but in a more universal definition: Heroism through moral judgment. In classic Greek drama, Plato’s idea of morality is presented as rational action. Morality isn’t a free will that governs humanity’s actions, but rather it is universal reason (life as a whole) that dictates action, thus in is found Atticus’ heroism. In his moral judgment in defending Tom Robinson and even going against a lynch mob in his pursuit of that justice create in Lee’s story a dynamic force of this moral reality. In Atticus’ is awakened the sense of racial heroism, as Crespino states â€Å"In the twentieth century, To Kill a Mockingbird is probably the most widely read book dealing with race in America, and its protagonist, Atticus Finch, the most enduring fictional image of racial heroism. † (Crespino 9). It is perhaps this one pursuit that most clearly defines the type of heroism found in Atticus Finch’s character, that of a seeker and of a tragic hero. It is in his morality that such a definition can most succinctly be expounded. Human nature is a nature of reason, not strictly adherent to passion or feelings, but rather to a higher calling – it is this higher calling in which readers find Atticus’ heroism, his morality despite an adverse reality. Morality then, becomes the crux of finding heroism in Harper Lee’s novel. Morality is reason. This is not to say that Plato and other classic Greek writers were ascetic; rather they placed passion, and feelings in their plays but the ethics of humanity being tied into the good of a person. Being virtuous, or good leads a character to happiness or release at the end of a story, but it is this lack of release that allows Atticus’ specific type of heroism to exist. He goes into the court case fighting for Tom’s innocence with full knowledge of what his opposition is in that town. The word for this given by Plato is eudemonism, which means blissful and it is the lack of this eudemonism that makes Atticus such a striking and memorable literary character. Atticus was a man filled with faith in human nature; an optimist/realist of some sorts. Plato’s philosophy of human nature doing evil was that a person only does evil in ignorance, for he believed everyone, just as himself wants only what is good, which is Atticus’ attitude in the novel and the quality that makes him a great lawyer is not a hero. In modern literature, the lesson is not about escapism but coming to terms with life and making a fundamental choice, a moral choice. Choices can be broken down into good and evil in modern literature in defining a hero, or to be more exact they can be dichotomized into heroic and a state of succumbing to one’s own humanity. The tragic hero may witness evil deeds and be in a constant state of exposure to them, but in the end of a novel, virtue is heeded. The source of a character doing evil or good is brought about by unlimited desire. Something that goes unmitigated becomes possessive of that person and they in turn want, and want, without satiation which is what Mayella’s character exhibits. This is when the appetitive part of the soul (the part of the soul that wants sex, food, etc. ) overtakes the rational (part seeking truth, and reason) of the soul resulting in moral weakness or akrasia – it is a weakness that does not belong to the character traits of Atticus Finch. By giving Atticus such moral aberrant characters as Mayella and her father, Lee is making Atticus’ heroism that much more pronounced. It is not then self-interest that leads a person to happiness, and there is a definite equilibrium between the allowance of each part of the soul guided by reason, and asceticism. Atticus was a not a Sophist. Without the guidance of moral reason then a state of chaos would ensue entailing an everyman for himself type of attitude which is what the mob in the story renders. Thus, happiness in the novel can only be achieved when that hedonistic attitude is vanquished which occurs when Bob Ewell â€Å"falls on his own knife†. This scene helps in making Atticus less of a tragic hero and more of an altruistic hero. Morality must be shown as adhering to individual interests. Plato did not agree with the type of hedonism exhibited by the Sophists, who thought human nature was an extension of the animal world. Instead, Plato states that the nature of man is reason; and in this reason exists an organized society constructed by reason. This expresses Atticus’ own viewpoint in the story. In understanding this viewpoint and accepting that Atticus strived for reason, that essence of a lawyer to demand justice when there is no shadow of a doubt for a man’s innocence, the reader can better understand the impetus behind Atticus’ moral actions. Happiness for the rational man in modern literature then comes into fruition by governing their more base, animal, desires, which are irrational; it is with Atticus that such states of humanity are more succinctly defined. This morality is extended into the realm of society because of human interaction. Therefore, if a man is to be the pinnacle of reason, and morality, and happiness, then the society that he lives and associates must then also exhibit such a moral temperance. This is the faith by which Atticus bases his lawyer’s argument. If then a society is blinded by hedonism, or pure desire of self, a man in that society has no hope for personal happiness because of lack of morality, reason, and thus fully succumbing to akrasia as can be seen in Atticus and especially Tom’s lives. The concept of good and evil twined together is the elixir of the modern novel; writers breed fears from dreams, the hidden wants of subconscious become known through their character’s actions. Writing and reading novels is a revelation into that unsaid facet of the mind; the mute archetype finally is given voice, and in a way bears witness by both being involved in the action and telling of the story. It is no wonder that lawyers today base their own judgment on that of Atticus’ (a fictional character) moral judgment and decision making. In the arena of heroism, when a character becomes the basis of real life people’s morality, then the status of a hero is cemented. Modern literature is the truth of life and self reflected through plays and characters. Realism is the liquor by which Harper Lee is exemplified. In realism, the writer is stating that circumstances are the focal point of human contingencies. This is especially true for Lee’s Atticus Finch. In this downtrodden representation of everyman the audience is presented with life at its entire naked state, a hero whose battle is lost. That is the promise of modern literature; veracity, despite the overwhelming depression of life and its deception toward everyman. Writers are honest in their writing, and in modern literature realism and not heroic standards of Greek drama but the Achilles heel is what is depicted. Whether or not the novel ends on a happy or sad note, the point is choice – despite Atticus being a tragic hero his strength remains in sticking to that choice. Modern literature gives the audience no illusions about harsh reality, but it also gives the difference between fate and circumstance and makes a hero.

Dialogue Helps to Tell Your Story

Dialogue Helps to Tell Your Story Dialogue Helps to Tell Your Story Dialogue Helps to Tell Your Story By Guest Author This is a guest post by Charles A. Ray. If you want to write for Daily Writing Tips check the guidelines here. Dialogue can make or break your short story or novel. No matter how good the plot or subject line, poorly-written dialogue can turn a reader off quicker than anything. I recently read a draft novel manuscript that had a fascinating premise, a compelling story line, and conflict aplenty. I was, nonetheless, completely turned off because every character in the story sounded exactly alike. They all used the same stilted Shakespearean speech, and sounded as if they were reading from Hamlet. Even a street smart black activist student, who was portrayed as aggressive and racially sensitive, talked as if he was the villain from Othello. This is not to suggest that the character should have been lampooned, or that his dialogue should have been a parody of ‘Amos and Andy’ or ‘Shaft.’ But, the character would have been more credible and believable if the dialogue had been less formal, with more use of modern slang, instead of the formal speech that was employed. The only slang word this character used in the first chapter, in over a half page of dialogue, was the word ‘ofay,’ which was inserted in a formal sentence, making it stand out like a pimple on prom night; and it was as unwelcome and out of place as a pimple. Reading the passage, which described his encounter with his professor, I had difficulty telling which of them was speaking without looking at the tags, or going back to see who spoke last. This was clearly a case of poor dialogue ruining an otherwise good story. A more effective technique is to give each character a distinctive voice; either through the words they use, or some other action that belongs to that character and that character alone. Dialogue should be written so that the reader knows immediately which character is speaking. A good way to learn to write effective dialogue is to eavesdrop on the people around you. Note the quirks that distinguish one speaker from another. For example, teenagers these days seem to put the word ‘like’ indiscriminately in their speech. Here’s an example of a conversation I overheard on the subway one day, â€Å"He was like really out of control, and like I just couldn’t get into what he was like saying, you know.† That is an actual line of dialogue that could be used in your story. You have to be careful in most cases not to use what you hear verbatim. People don’t often say what they want to say as succinctly as you need your characters to speak to keep your story moving; but informal expressions in your dialogue will make your characters sound like real people. If you want your writing to keep people interested, in addition to a strong plot, and an interesting theme, you need characters that people find believable. This means learning to write dialogue that holds a reader’s interest as much as the plot. Dialogue, when well written, can help to identify a character more effectively than paragraphs of description or narrative, and it can help keep your story moving. More importantly, it can keep a reader interested in your story from the opening sentence through to the end. You can check Charles page on RedRoom for commentary on leadership, politics and life in general, as well as information about his books. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Fiction Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:When to use "on" and when to use "in"Flier vs. Flyer5 Keys to Better Sentence Flow

Animal Euthanasia Essays

Animal Euthanasia Essays Animal Euthanasia Paper Animal Euthanasia Paper Death of any type is always a controversial issue whenever debated. This natural process attracts our human-being’s curiousness and raises millions of unanswered questions, such as what do we actually feel before we die or is there any possibility to avoid it? In general, we can roughly come up with an conclusion that no one prefer â€Å"dying† to â€Å"living†, or like Eleanor Roosevelt stated: â€Å"One must never, for whatever reason, turn one’s back on life†. However, that leads to a new recent modern matter : Euthanasia – the mercy killing. It may be considered as a fair action because the victim still has the right to decide whether to accept it or not. But let’s ponder for a second. Euthanasia it’s not that narrow and specific, it’s not on only human. What if it is applied for animals? Unlike us, those animals- normally are pets or members of the zoos don’t have the right to keep their lives or die in an unexpected way. Many animal right activists opposed this what they called an inhuman action, but the others have plenty of contrary ideas. They argue that is necessary for terminally ill patients, or a good way to control the population. To begin with, let’s explore more about this â€Å"animal euthanasia†. This is the act of humanely putting an animal to death or allowing it to die as by withholding extreme medical measures. Most of its methods are designed to cause minimal pain and distress. There are many kinds of this activities namely â€Å"free bullet†- when such big animals like horses received a direct bullet to their forehead, which result in instant deaths or â€Å"captive bolt† that is common used for cattle. But according to The 2012 DVM Newsmagazine State of the Profession survey(), more euthanasias were performed despite increase in stop treatment point recently with tables 1 and 2 : Generally, there are many different explanations for this upward trend. First of all, Jenifer Bove – an article writer who had a survey all over the United State ‘s zoos came up with her own conclusion :† Euthanasia is a controversial means of population control used by zoos. † And this is the reason : â€Å"Zoos that favor euthanasia over contraception generally allow animals to mate naturally and permit mothers to raise their young until an age at which the family groups would instinctively separate in the wild. At that point , zoo officials employ lethal injection to kill young animals that exceed the zoo’s carrying capacity, don’t fit into breeding plans, and are unwanted by other zoos In the spring of 2012, the Copenhagen Zoo euthanized a pair of leopard cubs who were approaching two years of age as part of their breeding management plan. â€Å" This is the very significant mission of the zoos- to manage population. Therefore animal euthanasia could be morally right and justified till it is used for correct reasons. In addition, euthanasia is also the only way to spare the agony of watching our loved pets have to suffer and reduce the spread of diseases, based on the article â€Å" do you agree or disagree with euthanasia or mercy killing† :† if a terminal patient faces a long, slow , painful death, surely it is much kinder to spare them this kind of suffering and allow them to end their life comfortably. This idea is also suggested by the Central Zoo Authority of India who said :†euthanasia of zoo animals may be carried out only in the specific circumstances when any animals is in such an agony or pain that it is cruel to keep him alive. Though it’s the fact that we cannot communicate with animals, thus they can’t tell us how they fell at a specific time, but with modern technology, we can predict that. On the other hand, according to K. Sri Dhammananda – a Buddhists believer â€Å" some people try to justify mercy killing with the misconception that if the motive or reason is good, then the act itself is good. Actually it is not that they have mercy toward those animals, but they kill them for their own precaution and to get rid of an awful sights It is evident that if an animal, a pet have a kind of affected disease, we human have to have a fear in mind of being affected. Moreover, the writer also mentions about a moral issue : â€Å" If mercy killing is the correct method to be practiced on pets and other animals, then why people are so reluctant to do the same to the beloved ones? † Some could also claim that animal euthanasia is murder and immoral because they has the right to live longer . Based on†¦,†patients that are in comas and have not indicated that they wish to die have the right to continue their lives until the natural end. Who are we to say that they should die when it’s convenient to us? That should be left unto God decide. † Life cannot be created so life should not be taken away. Not to mention that animals are incapable of deciding for themselves. Deciding death or life is God’s work and we ought not to interfere it. Similarly, according to†¦ â€Å" 2 Samuel 1:4-10 says,†And David said unto him , How went the matter? I pray thee, tell me†¦.. my lord Here was an incident that could be classified as euthanasia. How did David respond to this action? Did he consider it as a mercy killing? No, David treated it as murder. † Personally speaking, i am against animal euthanasia since it violate seriously moral aspects as well as the right to â€Å"survive†. Thomas Jefferson stated :† all men are created equal† . However, I deeply believe this statement has a larger meaning. Not all men, but all species ,all creations that the Almighty God has created are equal. Therefore, it is not a mercy death for a pet or an animal at all if we kill will them without their permission, even for their goods. In terms of science, it’s clear that there’s a basic difference between two scientific terms â€Å"merciful killing† and â€Å"merciful death† : the victim’s approval. Speaking of animals, they ‘re more likely to suffer from mercy- killing than mercy-death. And that method is basically another form of murder and should be banned. Just imagine, when a human patient in the hospital know he’s going to be put to death, he cried and beg the doctor not to let him die, not kill him. Could we can still go ahead and act like â€Å"heroes† ,trying to save him from pain? I believe the same thing would occur if animals knew how to talk, to express their feelings. In conclusion†¦.